We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now.
*Nosotros usamos el presente perfecto para decir una acción que ocurrió en un tiempo no especificado antes de ahora.
The exact time is not important.
*El tiempo exacto no es importante.
You CAN NOT use the Present Perfect with especific time expressions such as: yesterday, last week, one yesr ago ... etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expresion such as: ever, never, once, many times... etc.
*podemos usar el presente perfecto con expresiones inespecificas tales como: siempre, nunca, una vez muchas veces... etc.
Structure grammar (Estructura gramatical).
Subject | Auxiliary verb | Past Participle |
I, You, We, They | have | talked, learned, traveled... |
He, She, It | has | talked, learned, traveled... |
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + participio pasado.
examples (ejemplos):
She has [She's] gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.)
We have [We've] been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.)
Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "not" + participio pasado.
examples (ejemplos):
She hasn't gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.)
We haven't been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.)
Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Verbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto + participio pasado?
examples (ejemplos):
Has she gone to work? (¿Ha ido a su trabajo?)
Have you been to London? (¿Has ido a Londres?)
JUST/ALREADY/YET.
Just
Use just to express actions that have happened recently. just goes after the uxiliary have/has and before the pasat participle.
*Se usa sólo para expresar acciones que han ocurrido recientemente.Sólo va tras el auxiliar have/has y antes del pasado participio.
examples(ejemplos):
Maria has just finished her homework.(Maria ha apenas terminado su tarea).
They have just come from the supermarket.(ellos acaban de llegar del supermercado).
Already
We use "already" to express actions that have finished before the actions was expected to finish.
*Se utiliza "ya" para expresar acciones que han terminado antes de que las acciones se espera que termine.
examples (ejemlos):
- I have already done my homework.(ya he hecho los deveres).
- Jorge has already watched "Transformers" the movie.(Jorge ha ya visto "Transformers", la película) .
yet.
We use yet for negative sentences and questions. It is used for actions that you think has happened. It is used to express expectations.
*Se utiliza todavía para oraciones negativas y preguntas. Se utiliza para acciones que cree que ha ocurrido. Se utiliza para expresar las expectativas. (Es traducido Como ya o AUN).
examples (ejemlos):
- I haven't been to Europe yet.( no he estado en Europa todavía).
- Have you studied for the test yet? (¿estas estudiasndo para la prueva todavía?)
tag questions
A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. It is a statement followed by a mini-question.
*Un tag question es una construcción especial en Inglés.Es una declaración seguido por una mini-pregunta.
We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.
*Utilizamos preguntas etiqueta al final de cuentas a pedir confirmación. Ellos quieren decir algo como: "Estoy en lo cierto?" o "¿Estás de acuerdo?" Son muy comunes en Inglés.
The basic structure is (La estructura básica es):
statement | question tag |
+ Positive statement, | - negative tag? |
Snow is white, | isn't it? |
- Negative statement, | + positive tag? |
You don't like me, | do you? |
Passive Voice
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
*Voz pasiva se utiliza cuando la atención se centra en la acción. No es importante o no sabe, sin embargo, ¿quién o qué realiza la acción.
Example (ejemplo):
My bike was stolen.( Mi moto fue robada).
Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle
Active Voice
The active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. You are probably already familiar with the active voice. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb
*La voz activa es la "normal" de voz. Esta es la voz que se utiliza la mayor parte del tiempo. Usted probablemente ya estén familiarizados con la voz activa. En la voz activa, el objeto recibe la acción del verbo:
active | subject | verb | object |
> | |||
Cats | eat | fish. |